1 00:00:11,667 --> 00:00:15,542 I look like this, but I'm fine now. 2 00:00:15,542 --> 00:00:17,501 -How are you? -OK. 3 00:00:18,083 --> 00:00:19,334 Warm enough? 4 00:00:20,334 --> 00:00:22,501 I was using a walker, but I'm fine now. 5 00:00:22,501 --> 00:00:24,584 -You are... -I'm only using a cane now. 6 00:00:24,584 --> 00:00:26,250 It's good, you can use it to... 7 00:00:26,250 --> 00:00:28,542 I already had this cane, can you believe it? 8 00:00:29,459 --> 00:00:31,250 No one uses them anymore. 9 00:00:31,792 --> 00:00:34,375 Do you know what I had at home? A club. 10 00:00:35,751 --> 00:00:38,667 I put this beauty here so I wouldn't hurt my hand. 11 00:00:39,042 --> 00:00:41,042 Shall we put your mic on? 12 00:00:41,042 --> 00:00:43,459 Let's put the mic on. This man here... 13 00:00:44,292 --> 00:00:46,417 You can do whatever you want. 14 00:00:50,584 --> 00:00:55,167 Let's get started, dad... No, we got started a while ago. 15 00:00:55,167 --> 00:00:58,584 Let's see if you'll call me "dad" all the time. 16 00:01:00,250 --> 00:01:01,584 Call me "you". 17 00:01:02,626 --> 00:01:05,042 -Paulo Mendes da Rocha. -No. "You". 18 00:01:06,042 --> 00:01:07,209 So? 19 00:01:07,209 --> 00:01:11,584 -We went to Vitória on Friday. -I wanted to know. How did it go? 20 00:01:11,584 --> 00:01:14,417 -Was it a nice day? -Very nice. The sky was blue. 21 00:01:14,417 --> 00:01:16,334 -Did you like it? -I did. 22 00:01:16,334 --> 00:01:19,584 Isn't that square nice? Were there any ships there? 23 00:01:19,584 --> 00:01:21,584 -Many. -How nice. 24 00:01:21,584 --> 00:01:25,042 There was a huge red one. Just beautiful. 25 00:01:30,083 --> 00:01:44,209 IT'S ALL A PLAN 26 00:02:22,417 --> 00:02:25,667 Tell us a little bit, in an objective way, 27 00:02:25,667 --> 00:02:29,751 about the way you project and how you choose the material. 28 00:02:29,751 --> 00:02:34,167 That question and this speech should be on record, 29 00:02:34,167 --> 00:02:37,083 because it's interesting not having to repeat it... 30 00:02:37,417 --> 00:02:40,751 Regarding the things I say, I don't care about being right. 31 00:02:40,751 --> 00:02:43,417 I might be wrong, but this is what I think. 32 00:02:43,584 --> 00:02:46,250 There's no such A thing as "your architecture". 33 00:02:46,584 --> 00:02:50,083 Even better, architecture exists precisely because it's not anyone's. 34 00:02:50,083 --> 00:02:52,209 It is previous to anyone. It is a human desire. 35 00:02:52,751 --> 00:02:59,751 I consider that is the most intelligent 36 00:02:59,751 --> 00:03:02,250 and maybe the only way to see it. 37 00:03:02,250 --> 00:03:09,000 Behind that human desire, the other's desire. 38 00:03:09,334 --> 00:03:14,083 Architecture is about fulfilling desires, sometimes urgent, 39 00:03:14,083 --> 00:03:17,751 and meeting the needs of others, of society. 40 00:03:18,584 --> 00:03:20,375 You don't do it for yourself. 41 00:03:20,459 --> 00:03:24,083 No architect can say they've invented the house. 42 00:03:24,626 --> 00:03:30,501 Take a novel or a short story that you like. 43 00:03:31,083 --> 00:03:35,417 The ingredients in it – passion, jealousy, 44 00:03:35,751 --> 00:03:39,042 a man, a woman, a cockroach, whatever it is – 45 00:03:39,334 --> 00:03:40,709 you didn't come up with them. 46 00:03:40,709 --> 00:03:43,417 You arrange them to tell a story. 47 00:03:44,083 --> 00:03:46,501 You're not the one who comes up with the story. 48 00:03:46,501 --> 00:03:51,125 It is engendered by the human condition in the Universe. 49 00:03:51,125 --> 00:03:53,334 So the house has always existed. 50 00:03:54,083 --> 00:03:57,751 What were we before? Lost in solitude... 51 00:03:57,751 --> 00:04:01,626 Can you imagine the Neolithic man's loneliness? 52 00:04:02,417 --> 00:04:04,334 He had no one to talk to. 53 00:04:04,334 --> 00:04:07,125 People say - and I can speak for myself 54 00:04:07,125 --> 00:04:09,501 because I adopt that too - the city's reason... 55 00:04:09,501 --> 00:04:12,792 Why do we build cities? To have conversations. 56 00:04:13,459 --> 00:04:16,417 To have people to talk to, like we're talking now. 57 00:04:16,709 --> 00:04:24,459 Due to the anguish of loneliness, men slowly organized themselves 58 00:04:24,459 --> 00:04:26,667 in cities, caves... 59 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:30,292 It's a story we know as monumental. 60 00:04:31,417 --> 00:04:36,209 So once more I think it's about politics 61 00:04:36,209 --> 00:04:37,667 and the choice comes before. 62 00:04:38,292 --> 00:04:40,626 You can say a city is done like this: 63 00:04:40,626 --> 00:04:44,209 a group comes and says "Let's stay here". 64 00:04:44,209 --> 00:04:45,417 It's an evaluation. 65 00:04:45,417 --> 00:04:48,584 They can see that in the ships will stay at the bay, 66 00:04:48,584 --> 00:04:51,042 on a higher level because of the floods, 67 00:04:51,042 --> 00:04:52,709 then they build the first houses. 68 00:04:52,709 --> 00:04:55,501 That is, man is an architect. 69 00:04:56,375 --> 00:04:57,584 How are you? 70 00:04:57,584 --> 00:04:58,667 Where do you want to stay? 71 00:05:00,709 --> 00:05:02,751 -Away from the sun? -In bed. 72 00:05:04,125 --> 00:05:06,042 I was in bed. 73 00:05:07,584 --> 00:05:09,209 -Let's stay... -Don't you want 74 00:05:09,209 --> 00:05:10,751 to take a picture of the thing? 75 00:05:10,751 --> 00:05:14,334 We're already doing it with another camera. 76 00:05:14,334 --> 00:05:18,042 Really? Isn't it better to have that in the back while I speak? 77 00:05:18,042 --> 00:05:20,125 -It is. -Than the city hall? 78 00:05:20,626 --> 00:05:26,417 Here's the thing. A city is a construction above all. 79 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:31,167 The city is built little by little from wishes, 80 00:05:31,334 --> 00:05:36,667 but as an accomplishment somewhere made with constructions. 81 00:05:36,667 --> 00:05:41,709 Houses, then shelters, stores etc. 82 00:05:42,709 --> 00:05:47,334 The constructed part of a city is very moving 83 00:05:47,334 --> 00:05:52,751 and contains, from an intellectual perspective, bits of our intelligence. 84 00:05:52,751 --> 00:05:56,751 For instance, if I were a writer, what would I write about this city? 85 00:05:56,751 --> 00:06:03,250 It has a personality that slowly becomes her own. 86 00:06:03,250 --> 00:06:04,751 São Paulo, for instance. 87 00:06:05,125 --> 00:06:08,459 This viaduct was made by my teacher from university, 88 00:06:08,459 --> 00:06:12,542 an extraordinary architect called Elisiário Bahiana, 89 00:06:12,709 --> 00:06:16,375 with this overpass to Vale do Anhangabaú. 90 00:06:16,375 --> 00:06:20,042 It is an overpass for pedestrians that leads to the lower level, 91 00:06:20,042 --> 00:06:23,709 as if the city itself were a building. You see? 92 00:06:23,709 --> 00:06:28,584 Elisiário Bahiana himself drew it and built a protection 93 00:06:28,584 --> 00:06:33,250 for the people heading down. Over time, it got deformed. 94 00:06:33,417 --> 00:06:39,125 It's a wreck, partly destroyed, and they will either build a new one 95 00:06:39,125 --> 00:06:42,250 or recover this one, so they asked my opinion 96 00:06:42,250 --> 00:06:46,083 and I said we should make a completely new one. 97 00:06:46,250 --> 00:06:50,584 Because if you take down those walls, 98 00:06:50,584 --> 00:06:52,501 you can see the whole square. 99 00:06:52,501 --> 00:06:55,792 We can see people's legs on the other side. 100 00:06:56,125 --> 00:06:59,584 That infamous grate they built is interfering, 101 00:06:59,584 --> 00:07:01,334 and it's not part of the project. 102 00:07:02,042 --> 00:07:08,459 In São Paulo, in general, there is a kind of neurosis, 103 00:07:08,459 --> 00:07:11,125 a mental sickness regarding safety, 104 00:07:11,584 --> 00:07:15,250 so they put grates in everything. 105 00:07:37,751 --> 00:07:41,292 The first providence was recomposing the Praça do Patriarca. 106 00:07:41,292 --> 00:07:44,292 Taking away the bus station 107 00:07:44,292 --> 00:07:48,709 and diverging things with the traffic engineers. 108 00:07:48,709 --> 00:07:50,417 Among other things, 109 00:07:50,417 --> 00:07:56,501 this wonderful drawing on the floor was recomposed. 110 00:07:57,125 --> 00:07:59,083 Can you shoot this drawing? 111 00:07:59,083 --> 00:08:02,250 -Put the camera up there, somewhere. -We did. 112 00:08:02,709 --> 00:08:07,417 From the idea of a light, easy-to-build, simple shelter, 113 00:08:07,417 --> 00:08:09,083 I drew that there. 114 00:08:09,250 --> 00:08:13,083 The portico is 40 meters long, then the dimensions start. 115 00:08:13,083 --> 00:08:16,501 The roof itself is 20 meters long. 116 00:08:16,501 --> 00:08:20,709 So there are 10 meters left on each side. 117 00:08:21,250 --> 00:08:26,250 We put one of the pillars 118 00:08:26,459 --> 00:08:29,042 aligned with the old Rua Direita, 119 00:08:29,042 --> 00:08:33,375 which gives us a reference of its size compared to the church. 120 00:08:33,375 --> 00:08:38,626 And between the pillar and the roof, 121 00:08:38,626 --> 00:08:44,083 you can see if you go there, is the sculpture, all tidy and neat. 122 00:08:44,083 --> 00:08:49,209 All that makes things collaborate to give substance to the drawing, 123 00:08:49,209 --> 00:08:51,292 which you don't know where it comes from, 124 00:08:51,292 --> 00:08:55,125 but it comes from the idea that it was built following a logic. 125 00:08:55,125 --> 00:08:57,751 A logic that you might not agree with, 126 00:08:57,751 --> 00:09:00,375 but when you understand it, it contains a discourse. 127 00:09:01,167 --> 00:09:03,626 This discourse is, above all, a compliment to the city, 128 00:09:03,626 --> 00:09:07,334 to Elisiário Bahiana, to the patriarch of independence, 129 00:09:07,334 --> 00:09:11,292 to the people, so they can have a wide view of all this. 130 00:09:11,292 --> 00:09:16,083 Do you know what people thought about it? 131 00:09:16,083 --> 00:09:19,042 I don't know, because I'm not brave enough to ask. 132 00:09:19,042 --> 00:09:24,501 If someone says, "I think it sucks", I will be very disappointed. 133 00:09:25,584 --> 00:09:27,751 -Shall we go to the other side? -Yes. 134 00:09:29,334 --> 00:09:30,751 What do you want to do? 135 00:09:30,751 --> 00:09:34,667 What you said, look at the square from up there. 136 00:09:39,083 --> 00:09:43,083 I find it really nice to see this on the ground here. 137 00:09:43,209 --> 00:09:49,167 Because of the accomplishment, given the topography, 138 00:09:49,292 --> 00:09:55,250 of this visual, theatrical, scenographic possibility. 139 00:09:55,250 --> 00:09:57,375 You start seeing the people. Can you see it? 140 00:09:58,250 --> 00:09:59,626 It's beautiful from here. 141 00:09:59,626 --> 00:10:02,334 The view from here is beautiful, 142 00:10:03,584 --> 00:10:08,292 with the old Ramos de Azevedo-style buildings on the back. 143 00:10:10,626 --> 00:10:15,459 Look, people will soon be walking at the height of your eyes. 144 00:10:15,459 --> 00:10:18,042 You can choose from many settings. 145 00:10:18,042 --> 00:10:21,209 It's beautiful. 146 00:10:21,501 --> 00:10:24,334 At least for me, because I have fun with it. 147 00:10:25,584 --> 00:10:28,083 A city in itself is democratic. 148 00:10:28,417 --> 00:10:31,125 Why is this city abandoned? 149 00:10:31,250 --> 00:10:35,417 The dominant class is infamous 150 00:10:36,501 --> 00:10:38,042 and doesn't like freedom. 151 00:10:38,042 --> 00:10:40,542 This city dictates freedom, like it or not. 152 00:10:40,751 --> 00:10:45,709 This inexorable democratization that we have in central areas 153 00:10:45,709 --> 00:10:53,125 makes those who are afraid – and fear is the main tool of Fascism – 154 00:10:53,417 --> 00:10:56,292 to step out and start making these hedged in things, 155 00:10:56,542 --> 00:10:58,083 abandoning the city. 156 00:10:58,417 --> 00:11:02,667 We need a society that understands it, otherwise, it's not a society. 157 00:11:06,584 --> 00:11:09,334 The center of the square is a terrible place for this sculpture. 158 00:11:09,334 --> 00:11:12,083 No one walks through the center. 159 00:11:12,375 --> 00:11:15,083 I thought it was better to relocate it, 160 00:11:15,584 --> 00:11:19,250 so everyone could see it better, as they do now. 161 00:11:19,792 --> 00:11:23,626 And especially so they can read the plate 162 00:11:23,626 --> 00:11:30,125 and learn, besides Ceschiatti's name, that this sculpture was a donation 163 00:11:30,125 --> 00:11:31,751 from the Lebanese colony, which is 164 00:11:31,751 --> 00:11:33,459 -another strong colony in São Paulo. -That's nice. 165 00:11:33,459 --> 00:11:36,292 So you see the story is told in a way 166 00:11:36,501 --> 00:11:43,250 in which you can be a good or bad editor for it. 167 00:11:43,459 --> 00:11:47,584 In the end, all architecture projects, all constructions 168 00:11:47,584 --> 00:11:49,667 are discourses about all that. 169 00:11:50,167 --> 00:11:53,626 Not just about the technical and scientific knowledge needed 170 00:11:53,626 --> 00:11:55,751 to build something like that, 171 00:11:56,584 --> 00:12:00,250 from a structural perspective, of engineering and building, 172 00:12:00,250 --> 00:12:03,292 but from the perspective of this kind of reasoning, 173 00:12:03,292 --> 00:12:05,459 which is lyrical, poetic, historical, 174 00:12:07,375 --> 00:12:07,375 it's about memory and being aware 175 00:12:07,417 --> 00:12:11,667 of the need to announce and create memories. 176 00:12:12,584 --> 00:12:15,209 Where are we? Who are we? 177 00:12:16,209 --> 00:12:18,250 What do others say? Where are we going? 178 00:12:49,042 --> 00:12:52,417 I'd like to ask what it's like to live in this house today. 179 00:12:52,417 --> 00:12:56,751 Today? I think this is the best place to live. 180 00:12:56,751 --> 00:12:59,334 I've been everywhere and came back here. 181 00:12:59,751 --> 00:13:02,417 First, it's a permeable place. 182 00:13:02,417 --> 00:13:07,250 All rooms meet each other. 183 00:13:07,709 --> 00:13:13,334 And you're always sharing the space. 184 00:13:13,334 --> 00:13:19,000 It's difficult to get privacy and, at the same time, 185 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:24,375 that's what creates life as a family, as a group. 186 00:13:25,626 --> 00:13:27,584 It's a bit like an indigenous dwelling. 187 00:13:27,584 --> 00:13:32,542 You share the space with everyone in the house. 188 00:13:32,542 --> 00:13:36,083 You can hear noises from the kitchen, from the shower, 189 00:13:37,292 --> 00:13:40,501 someone listening to music late at night, 190 00:13:40,501 --> 00:13:44,584 when mom and dad have dinner with friends, 191 00:13:44,584 --> 00:13:47,209 you can hear them talking and the music playing. 192 00:13:47,209 --> 00:13:48,709 That's the memory I have. 193 00:13:48,709 --> 00:13:55,751 That's what brought me back here, because that was really good. 194 00:13:55,751 --> 00:13:59,250 It was really good in our... 195 00:13:59,709 --> 00:14:01,584 In my life and I think in yours too. 196 00:14:01,584 --> 00:14:03,125 And there's the space. 197 00:14:03,125 --> 00:14:07,417 You can occupy the space in many different ways. 198 00:14:07,417 --> 00:14:11,083 You transform the house. 199 00:14:11,417 --> 00:14:16,000 Although the furniture is fixed, you can use it any way you want it. 200 00:14:16,709 --> 00:14:20,125 I loved that. 201 00:14:20,250 --> 00:14:23,083 And seeing nature right outside is great. 202 00:14:23,083 --> 00:14:27,209 -It's great. The moon... -I remember waiting for April 203 00:14:27,209 --> 00:14:30,334 to see the light coming in. 204 00:14:30,334 --> 00:14:32,083 When I lived here, I always thought: 205 00:14:32,083 --> 00:14:35,501 "What is it like to live in a house with walls and doors, 206 00:14:35,542 --> 00:14:38,792 where you have to open the windows to look outside?" 207 00:14:38,792 --> 00:14:40,667 Because we're always looking here. 208 00:14:41,751 --> 00:14:47,083 That's the coolest thing about it, you come in and walk through it. 209 00:14:47,083 --> 00:14:51,417 We left a room, went through the bedrooms and are at the porch. 210 00:14:51,417 --> 00:14:53,584 There were three rooms, right, Lito? 211 00:14:53,584 --> 00:14:57,209 There was a wall here at first, in the original project, 212 00:14:57,334 --> 00:15:02,125 which made a room for each boy with a common bathroom. 213 00:15:02,125 --> 00:15:06,459 -This was my room... -That's cool. It has unity. 214 00:15:06,459 --> 00:15:08,626 It's a standard unity. 215 00:15:09,584 --> 00:15:13,751 Each room had a concrete table, 216 00:15:13,751 --> 00:15:16,584 a bookshelf module and a bed. 217 00:15:16,584 --> 00:15:20,000 The bed was made of concrete, too, at first. 218 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:25,417 This thin structure formed a giant C 219 00:15:25,751 --> 00:15:28,209 and the frame went on top of it. 220 00:15:31,792 --> 00:15:34,751 This is really cool. This is great. 221 00:15:35,167 --> 00:15:37,083 Here's the bathroom. 222 00:15:37,417 --> 00:15:41,417 It's a little ship. It's a little ship room. 223 00:15:41,417 --> 00:15:42,626 And check out the light. 224 00:15:43,417 --> 00:15:45,542 This is the famous bathroom I turned into my house 225 00:15:45,542 --> 00:15:47,584 and where I lived for longer and longer. 226 00:15:49,250 --> 00:15:53,542 Waking up in the morning and seeing 227 00:15:54,083 --> 00:16:01,584 a thrush eating fruit is great. 228 00:16:01,584 --> 00:16:03,250 -It's really cool. -It's amazing. 229 00:16:03,250 --> 00:16:08,083 In the morning, birds clan themselves in little puddles. 230 00:16:08,083 --> 00:16:13,000 You can hear it... They stay up here, sunbathing. 231 00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:16,083 So you wake up with a bird over your head. 232 00:16:16,375 --> 00:16:18,709 I think it gives us a new way to see the world. 233 00:16:18,709 --> 00:16:21,584 An admiration. Exactly, a new way to see the world. 234 00:16:54,501 --> 00:16:59,334 The first thing I thought of was a house all in one level. 235 00:16:59,334 --> 00:17:02,709 I didn't want a two-story house with stairs. 236 00:17:03,083 --> 00:17:06,042 On the other hand, something very interesting, 237 00:17:06,042 --> 00:17:08,417 which we say is a goal in architecture, 238 00:17:08,417 --> 00:17:11,250 is that when we do what we intend to 239 00:17:11,542 --> 00:17:15,083 it is not to follow a functional schedule, 240 00:17:15,083 --> 00:17:17,792 say a kitchen, bathrooms, bedrooms, 241 00:17:17,792 --> 00:17:22,417 and make people behave in a way. That's not the idea. 242 00:17:22,709 --> 00:17:26,751 It is to satisfy basic needs, 243 00:17:26,751 --> 00:17:32,459 imagining that you are actually supporting life's unpredictability. 244 00:17:32,751 --> 00:17:35,542 I don't know what the kids will do... 245 00:17:35,542 --> 00:17:39,459 Joana one day took a little bookshelf 246 00:17:40,125 --> 00:17:41,751 and put it in one of these bathrooms, 247 00:17:41,751 --> 00:17:45,709 which is a 1,5m x 0,9m cubicle with a door. 248 00:17:46,459 --> 00:17:49,459 She put the bookshelf in it, arranged the books, 249 00:17:49,459 --> 00:17:54,542 covered the toilet with a small rug and made a couch. 250 00:17:54,542 --> 00:17:57,626 She put a lamp in there and lived there for three months 251 00:17:57,626 --> 00:18:00,083 and no one said anything, neither her brothers nor me. 252 00:18:00,334 --> 00:18:02,542 She lived by herself for three months. 253 00:18:04,292 --> 00:18:06,167 She made herself a little house. 254 00:18:06,501 --> 00:18:08,626 It was so nice for her to be able to... 255 00:18:08,626 --> 00:18:11,042 She came up with a house inside another house. 256 00:18:11,542 --> 00:18:15,667 I imagined I could build the house... 257 00:18:16,751 --> 00:18:22,584 first without destroying the street's lower position. 258 00:18:22,751 --> 00:18:25,626 Then cutting inside 259 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:31,501 and putting a house at ground level but tall. 260 00:18:33,167 --> 00:18:36,626 So if you're here, you have a view 261 00:18:36,626 --> 00:18:38,459 and the street is down there. 262 00:18:38,459 --> 00:18:42,709 We got creative with technical solutions for this house. 263 00:18:43,125 --> 00:18:46,501 Reinforced concrete is never completely stable. 264 00:18:46,501 --> 00:18:49,751 If you use a frame, it will break. 265 00:18:49,751 --> 00:18:54,209 So we made an articulated frame. 266 00:18:54,542 --> 00:18:56,459 I came up with something interesting. 267 00:18:56,459 --> 00:18:57,709 There's a pivot here. 268 00:18:58,709 --> 00:19:03,250 If you loosen this latch, the center of gravity is here. 269 00:19:04,751 --> 00:19:08,501 Then the frame is all by itself, it's loose and it goes outside, 270 00:19:08,501 --> 00:19:10,584 as you can see. 271 00:19:12,250 --> 00:19:16,334 Something I find annoying is stepping on one type of floor, 272 00:19:16,334 --> 00:19:18,751 then going to the kitchen and there's a different floor, 273 00:19:18,751 --> 00:19:20,459 then the bathroom... 274 00:19:20,459 --> 00:19:26,125 When you use one flooring in the whole house, it seems bigger. 275 00:19:27,125 --> 00:19:33,167 You can't use wood in the shower, so we used a new product in it, 276 00:19:33,167 --> 00:19:36,209 an epoxy resin, not to use tiles. 277 00:19:36,209 --> 00:19:39,292 Why? Because that allows me to have any shape I want. 278 00:19:39,292 --> 00:19:41,125 I made curved shower boxes. 279 00:19:41,125 --> 00:19:45,709 I brought the plumbing outside from downstairs, 280 00:19:46,501 --> 00:19:51,459 got to the mixer with a nice amount of water, 281 00:19:51,459 --> 00:19:53,792 then I took it up and made the shower inside. 282 00:19:55,250 --> 00:19:58,292 This part of the pipe that's exposed, 283 00:19:58,292 --> 00:20:03,083 so it wouldn't look like I was just solving a problem, 284 00:20:03,125 --> 00:20:08,459 I decided to embellish, so to speak, making a zig zag with the pipe 285 00:20:08,626 --> 00:20:11,334 so the boys could warm up their towels, clothes etc. 286 00:20:11,334 --> 00:20:17,584 And so we went, one after the other, coming up with small details that are... 287 00:20:18,334 --> 00:20:20,709 In any discourse, if it were literature. 288 00:20:20,792 --> 00:20:25,083 Like phrases or verses, very pretty things. 289 00:20:25,083 --> 00:20:29,000 Not that everything must have a reason, a function, 290 00:20:29,250 --> 00:20:33,584 but any motivation should serve as pretext for us 291 00:20:33,584 --> 00:20:36,250 to say "See what I'm going to do". 292 00:20:36,542 --> 00:20:38,626 It's different from the market view, 293 00:20:38,626 --> 00:20:40,626 which makes extraordinary things to sell more. 294 00:20:40,626 --> 00:20:41,751 That's not the idea. 295 00:20:43,250 --> 00:20:46,417 It is to support our joie de vivre. 296 00:21:49,250 --> 00:21:55,167 The first thing I would like to say where I can record memories 297 00:21:55,584 --> 00:21:58,626 is that nowadays, in a city like São Paulo, 298 00:21:58,626 --> 00:22:03,542 or any city with over 100 thousand inhabitants, 299 00:22:04,209 --> 00:22:09,375 there shouldn't be any more houses isolated in terrains. 300 00:22:09,626 --> 00:22:12,083 Contemporary houses should be in buildings, 301 00:22:12,083 --> 00:22:14,501 that's the kind of concentration we're interested in. 302 00:22:14,751 --> 00:22:19,250 So that kids can walk to school, the school is right over there. 303 00:22:19,375 --> 00:22:21,083 Public transport... 304 00:22:21,083 --> 00:22:26,584 It's hard to imagine subways in a horizontal city, with just houses. 305 00:22:26,584 --> 00:22:30,375 The train would have to run 1 kilometer to serve 20 houses. 306 00:22:30,709 --> 00:22:32,626 Copan, for example. 307 00:22:33,417 --> 00:22:37,083 It is a housing complex, in the heart of the city, 308 00:22:37,083 --> 00:22:38,626 but not on the ground floor. 309 00:22:39,083 --> 00:22:42,125 The ground floor has bars, restaurants, stores, 310 00:22:42,125 --> 00:22:47,209 so the city life flows and you live up there. 311 00:22:47,209 --> 00:22:49,584 Virtues of verticality. 312 00:22:49,584 --> 00:22:56,125 Another wonderful thing about Copan, regarding shapes, virtues, discourse, 313 00:22:56,125 --> 00:23:00,667 is that the architectural experience, Maison d'Habitation de Corbuisier 314 00:23:00,667 --> 00:23:02,751 and things like that, show that the ideal house, 315 00:23:02,751 --> 00:23:06,751 a vertical house, is not made with a hallway 316 00:23:06,751 --> 00:23:09,584 and full of apartments on each side, 317 00:23:09,584 --> 00:23:12,417 because then someone is in the south and someone is in the north. 318 00:23:12,626 --> 00:23:17,167 What's nice about a house is that is gets sunlight from every side, 319 00:23:17,167 --> 00:23:21,250 so the ideal apartment is the one with windows on both sides. 320 00:23:21,709 --> 00:23:25,417 If you can build, since the law allows it in that place, 321 00:23:25,417 --> 00:23:29,167 a 35-story building, as is the case here, 322 00:23:29,292 --> 00:23:32,167 all apartments can have both sides. 323 00:23:32,167 --> 00:23:36,751 But the result of that, the occasional inconvenient, 324 00:23:37,584 --> 00:23:41,626 is that the building will necessarily be very slim. 325 00:23:42,334 --> 00:23:45,000 The transverse is very small and the building is too big. 326 00:23:46,501 --> 00:23:52,584 We're getting in to Oscar's logic. He wanted to make a single building. 327 00:23:53,792 --> 00:23:56,584 If it has so many stories 328 00:23:59,042 --> 00:24:01,584 and there are no structural problems, 329 00:24:01,626 --> 00:24:03,417 in the foundation etc., 330 00:24:04,125 --> 00:24:06,042 it will take the vertical load. 331 00:24:06,042 --> 00:24:12,042 But it won't resist the wind, because it becomes a sail. 332 00:24:12,042 --> 00:24:16,417 If you do it like this, it will stand on its own. 333 00:24:17,083 --> 00:24:19,000 That's why it looks like that. 334 00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:22,167 It has nothing to do with the shape of the mountains. 335 00:24:22,250 --> 00:24:27,501 Niemeyer always let people say that because he is a rascal, he knows that. 336 00:24:28,292 --> 00:24:31,792 "Oh, didn't you notice? It's because of a woman's curves..." 337 00:24:33,250 --> 00:24:38,250 To hell with it. If I have to explain, there's no virtue. 338 00:24:38,334 --> 00:24:41,709 That's why I was delighted that you liked many things. 339 00:24:42,542 --> 00:24:46,417 Because you have to know how to read the inherent discourse. 340 00:25:16,250 --> 00:25:18,167 The interesting thing... 341 00:25:18,167 --> 00:25:23,250 If you can stay there, I can tell you. I can go there and speak. 342 00:25:23,250 --> 00:25:24,584 -Will that work? -Yes. 343 00:25:24,584 --> 00:25:30,292 To show you the spatial aspect of this theater, this place, 344 00:25:30,292 --> 00:25:34,417 regarding the loges, which are very nice. 345 00:25:34,417 --> 00:25:36,042 -Want to see it? -Yes. 346 00:25:48,250 --> 00:25:53,417 This is an area with loges and rotating chairs 347 00:25:53,584 --> 00:25:57,751 where you can watch the play and participate in a large space. 348 00:25:58,459 --> 00:26:05,542 It even has interesting and historical loge positions. 349 00:26:05,751 --> 00:26:10,042 You have a place here above the stage. Look. 350 00:26:10,042 --> 00:26:13,042 It is very nice to watch the spectacle from here. 351 00:26:14,167 --> 00:26:15,501 Around how many seats? 352 00:26:15,792 --> 00:26:18,667 This theater has 200 seats. 353 00:26:24,584 --> 00:26:29,250 It's interesting to consider something people comment on a lot today, 354 00:26:29,250 --> 00:26:33,083 which is the occupation as a political operation 355 00:26:33,417 --> 00:26:35,375 to transform the city. 356 00:26:35,375 --> 00:26:40,250 Transforming a commercial building, the old Mesbla, 357 00:26:40,250 --> 00:26:42,250 into a SESC unit. 358 00:26:42,417 --> 00:26:48,292 Again, gymnastics, dance, restaurants, theater, cafés, a pool on the roof... 359 00:26:48,292 --> 00:26:52,459 It is an occupation policy. 360 00:26:52,459 --> 00:26:55,209 New occupations for things that already existed. 361 00:26:55,501 --> 00:26:59,292 Especially in a city like São Paulo, it is hard to imagine 362 00:26:59,292 --> 00:27:01,000 taking everything down to rebuild it. 363 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:05,292 Much of the transformation is from within. 364 00:27:05,292 --> 00:27:08,167 In the end, that's what happens with each one of us, too. 365 00:27:08,167 --> 00:27:12,083 We could call ourselves life's architectures. 366 00:27:12,667 --> 00:27:14,083 Yes. 367 00:27:14,250 --> 00:27:17,042 I was born in 1928. 368 00:27:17,584 --> 00:27:21,417 It was hard to imagine what we're seeing now, 369 00:27:21,584 --> 00:27:23,292 -so many years later... -Being possible, right? 370 00:27:23,292 --> 00:27:27,792 You have to occupy yourself in a new way. 371 00:27:30,334 --> 00:27:33,042 -Very well. -Cut! 372 00:27:33,042 --> 00:27:35,125 -Shall we talk about the pool? -Yes, let's. 373 00:27:35,125 --> 00:27:38,083 The pool on the roof is quite interesting, right, Marta? 374 00:27:38,083 --> 00:27:41,042 -I made this project with Marta Moreira. -"Right, Marta"? Bring Marta here. 375 00:27:41,042 --> 00:27:43,751 If you imagine the amount of water that goes into a pool... 376 00:27:43,751 --> 00:27:47,209 And we designed a 25m x 25m pool, 377 00:27:47,292 --> 00:27:51,250 because this building has an interesting aspect for all that, 378 00:27:51,584 --> 00:27:57,459 which was an inside void in its initial 14m x 14m size. 379 00:27:57,459 --> 00:28:02,209 We managed to put up four pillars in this void 380 00:28:02,375 --> 00:28:05,083 to support what's new up there, 381 00:28:05,083 --> 00:28:07,584 like a great load of water in the pool. 382 00:28:08,334 --> 00:28:11,292 Which is completely independent from the existing building. 383 00:28:11,292 --> 00:28:16,667 So it's a load that's not supported by the buildings old structure, 384 00:28:16,751 --> 00:28:19,709 but by a new structure fit inside, 385 00:28:19,709 --> 00:28:23,334 which made the ground lower than the previous one 386 00:28:23,334 --> 00:28:29,083 to allow the excavation in the middle for another important void. 387 00:28:29,292 --> 00:28:35,083 So we imagined two voids initially. 388 00:28:35,375 --> 00:28:38,250 -The theater and the pool? -The pool and the theater. 389 00:28:41,417 --> 00:28:43,501 This is the changing room floor, right? 390 00:28:43,501 --> 00:28:45,000 Yes, the changing room floor. 391 00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:48,083 We can go in there, it's very pretty. 392 00:28:48,292 --> 00:28:51,334 You're in a changing room that is really generous 393 00:28:51,334 --> 00:28:53,709 in terms of space. 394 00:28:54,250 --> 00:28:57,083 And you can take a shower looking at the city of São Paulo. 395 00:28:57,083 --> 00:28:58,584 -That's nice-. It's beautiful. 396 00:29:00,083 --> 00:29:02,417 The ramp circulation system... 397 00:29:02,417 --> 00:29:05,501 There's a continuous ramp from the ground floor to the pool. 398 00:29:05,584 --> 00:29:09,209 In a city like São Paulo, 399 00:29:09,667 --> 00:29:12,542 you just have to look at the Porto Geral slope. 400 00:29:13,083 --> 00:29:18,459 We're used to go up and down slopes, like in Augusta street. 401 00:29:18,459 --> 00:29:24,250 So this is a kind of unfolding of the city's geomorphology. 402 00:29:24,250 --> 00:29:25,542 It's all there. 403 00:29:25,542 --> 00:29:27,292 This is all made of glass. 404 00:29:28,292 --> 00:29:31,250 So you take a shower 405 00:29:31,250 --> 00:29:33,334 -in the middle of São Paulo. -That's great. 406 00:29:33,334 --> 00:29:35,000 It's beautiful. 407 00:29:38,042 --> 00:29:41,083 -He plays with it, right? -He does. I think it's beautiful, 408 00:29:41,083 --> 00:29:44,626 because the changing rooms have this really generous space, 409 00:29:44,751 --> 00:29:48,125 they're really ventilated, bright, full of light. 410 00:29:48,334 --> 00:29:50,083 The idea of a changing room... 411 00:29:50,083 --> 00:29:54,501 It seems like a smaller detail, but it isn't. 412 00:29:55,167 --> 00:29:58,584 It's put in a very beautiful situation. 413 00:29:59,375 --> 00:30:01,709 And the idea of the pool with a hole in the middle? 414 00:30:02,167 --> 00:30:06,083 A pool with a hole would empty it, wouldn't it? 415 00:30:06,083 --> 00:30:07,292 Yes. 416 00:30:07,584 --> 00:30:09,584 That's precisely what it's made for. 417 00:30:09,584 --> 00:30:13,751 That's where the water overflows and falls downstairs. 418 00:30:13,751 --> 00:30:16,417 So you continue in a wet environment. 419 00:30:17,250 --> 00:30:19,417 So this becomes a garden 420 00:30:19,417 --> 00:30:22,000 that is a complementation of the pool's solarium. 421 00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:27,709 With a café and a pond, where kids will probably play. 422 00:30:27,709 --> 00:30:29,417 They probably will, of course. 423 00:30:32,209 --> 00:30:37,709 All that gives a theatrical air to the pool, since this is a theater. 424 00:30:37,709 --> 00:30:44,417 It's funny to have, in São Paulo, 425 00:30:44,417 --> 00:30:48,751 a pool on the roof, on the outside, where kids can have fun. 426 00:30:50,667 --> 00:30:52,501 -Amazing, right? -Amazing! 427 00:30:52,667 --> 00:30:57,751 This building next door was for sale. We made SESC buy it. 428 00:30:57,751 --> 00:31:01,042 This appropriation is part of our project. 429 00:31:01,501 --> 00:31:03,626 Look at the Itália and the Copan buildings. 430 00:31:04,751 --> 00:31:06,167 Yeah. 431 00:31:06,167 --> 00:31:10,417 And the annex, the service building, is higher than this building, 432 00:31:10,417 --> 00:31:16,125 which is the old Mesbla building. 433 00:31:16,125 --> 00:31:21,209 There are machines, then the exhausts, employees' dressing rooms... 434 00:31:21,209 --> 00:31:24,250 They're complementing this service. 435 00:31:25,083 --> 00:31:26,792 We had a lot of fun... 436 00:31:26,792 --> 00:31:30,459 Tell her the story about the ship and the auxiliary ship, 437 00:31:30,459 --> 00:31:32,083 like the service building. It's so beautiful. 438 00:31:32,083 --> 00:31:34,709 It's something I said that Marta remembered. 439 00:31:35,209 --> 00:31:38,209 I learned it in my private life. 440 00:31:38,417 --> 00:31:42,250 The navy uses many auxiliary ships. 441 00:31:42,250 --> 00:31:46,209 They get close to the main ship, sometimes offshore, 442 00:31:46,209 --> 00:31:48,542 and fix it. 443 00:31:48,542 --> 00:31:51,751 So we imagined this one as the main ship, 444 00:31:51,751 --> 00:31:55,709 the building SESC proposed initially. 445 00:31:56,042 --> 00:31:59,292 And that smaller building was up for grabs, as they say, 446 00:32:00,083 --> 00:32:04,584 -we bought it and all service is there. -It's an auxiliary ship. 447 00:33:04,584 --> 00:33:08,083 Your grandfather, my father, when he was 22, 448 00:33:08,083 --> 00:33:11,083 recently out of college, decided to build that dam. 449 00:33:12,584 --> 00:33:15,042 He asked a local to be his guide. 450 00:33:15,083 --> 00:33:18,417 He knew that local had killed many people. 451 00:33:18,417 --> 00:33:20,459 He used a knife here... 452 00:33:20,626 --> 00:33:24,375 They spent two nights together. It was a long expedition. 453 00:33:24,417 --> 00:33:26,542 They slept, they cooked... 454 00:33:26,751 --> 00:33:29,501 And I think I can say your grandpa was very cunning 455 00:33:29,709 --> 00:33:33,000 to ask the guy one night, by the fire: 456 00:33:34,250 --> 00:33:35,751 "How many have you killed?" 457 00:33:35,751 --> 00:33:38,417 It's like something written by Guimarães Rosa. 458 00:33:38,417 --> 00:33:42,542 And the guy said – this is really funny – 459 00:33:42,542 --> 00:33:45,000 "Sir, I've never killed anyone. 460 00:33:45,334 --> 00:33:47,709 I just stab them, God is the one who kills them". 461 00:33:51,125 --> 00:33:53,000 So you see that... 462 00:33:54,584 --> 00:33:57,501 Speaking of Guimarães Rosa, living is very dangerous. 463 00:33:58,292 --> 00:34:02,667 Ok, I know I'm going too far with this, 464 00:34:02,667 --> 00:34:08,584 but sometimes it's good to speak 465 00:34:09,209 --> 00:34:12,584 as if we were a little delirious. 466 00:34:12,584 --> 00:34:15,626 If you think about it and put things together, 467 00:34:15,751 --> 00:34:17,459 they make sense. 468 00:34:17,459 --> 00:34:21,083 Look at what we're talking and what I read the other day, 469 00:34:21,083 --> 00:34:22,375 which impressed me a lot. 470 00:34:22,542 --> 00:34:26,751 One of the greatest philosophers still alive, from the Frankfurt School, 471 00:34:26,751 --> 00:34:28,584 Heidegger, if I'm not mistaken, 472 00:34:28,667 --> 00:34:30,334 taught some lessons, or something like that, 473 00:34:30,334 --> 00:34:34,626 that are registered. Some classes, a small course. 474 00:34:34,626 --> 00:34:36,751 In them, because he was seduced 475 00:34:36,751 --> 00:34:41,167 and wanted to comment as a philosopher about the human condition and all, 476 00:34:41,459 --> 00:34:44,501 he presents Van Gogh's diary. 477 00:34:44,501 --> 00:34:47,250 In that diary, Heidegger said, 478 00:34:47,250 --> 00:34:53,167 Van Gogh wrote literally this, 479 00:34:53,167 --> 00:34:57,042 "I am now convinced that man's history 480 00:34:57,042 --> 00:35:01,417 is the wheat's history:" - then a colon. What a great writer – 481 00:35:02,667 --> 00:35:08,459 "We are on Earth to blossom and to be crushed to become bread." 482 00:35:09,459 --> 00:35:11,459 Period. But it's not over yet. 483 00:35:11,459 --> 00:35:15,250 He then writes, "Beware of those who are not crushed". 484 00:35:15,667 --> 00:35:17,459 How wonderful. 485 00:35:18,584 --> 00:35:24,125 That is, you're a man or a woman, you're alive, you're a child, 486 00:35:24,125 --> 00:35:25,417 you grow up etc., 487 00:35:25,417 --> 00:35:31,375 but to do, to engender, to be able to tell you son 488 00:35:31,501 --> 00:35:36,250 50 years in the future the story that says, "I don't kill, I just stab"... 489 00:35:36,417 --> 00:35:43,459 Knowing how important that is for the formation of man's mindset... 490 00:35:43,459 --> 00:35:46,667 It's... fundamental. 491 00:35:46,667 --> 00:35:49,250 It's the essence of the human condition. 492 00:35:52,042 --> 00:35:53,751 It's not a vision of death. 493 00:35:53,751 --> 00:35:57,292 Philosophers say something that cheers this vision 494 00:35:57,292 --> 00:35:59,792 of doing designed projects. 495 00:36:00,459 --> 00:36:01,667 They say that: 496 00:36:02,667 --> 00:36:05,167 "We all know we are going to die, 497 00:36:07,125 --> 00:36:08,459 life is short." 498 00:36:08,459 --> 00:36:12,250 But we also know we were not born to die. 499 00:36:12,250 --> 00:36:14,417 We were born to move on. 500 00:36:14,417 --> 00:36:16,083 That is beautiful. 501 00:36:16,083 --> 00:36:20,167 It's an image of the eternal roughness of the human condition in the universe. 502 00:36:20,334 --> 00:36:23,667 It depends on you transmitting knowledge, letting people know. 503 00:36:23,667 --> 00:36:27,042 That is what humanity is about. 504 00:36:27,167 --> 00:36:29,751 We're here, we haven't been extinct yet 505 00:36:30,125 --> 00:36:32,042 thanks to that concurrence of the construction 506 00:36:32,042 --> 00:36:33,667 of consciousness and language. 507 00:36:34,501 --> 00:36:36,584 I don't know why I can't talk about architecture 508 00:36:36,584 --> 00:36:39,417 without saying things that are not directly related. 509 00:36:39,417 --> 00:36:42,501 If you want, we can talk about some funny little house. 510 00:36:42,501 --> 00:36:45,125 We could see if things match. 511 00:36:45,125 --> 00:36:48,626 You even asked how we make one house different from the other. 512 00:36:48,626 --> 00:36:51,542 They're not different. It's like literature. 513 00:36:51,542 --> 00:36:54,083 It's the same thing said more than once, 514 00:36:54,083 --> 00:36:56,751 capable of seducing you like never before, 515 00:36:56,751 --> 00:36:58,250 but it's the same thing. 516 00:36:58,375 --> 00:37:03,501 We're doomed to that. And we'll always invent things. 517 00:37:05,584 --> 00:37:09,375 The same thing so we can be the same. 518 00:37:36,501 --> 00:37:41,584 Tell us another story. The one about the Paulistano chair. 519 00:37:41,584 --> 00:37:45,584 Well, you provoked this thing about doing something else... 520 00:37:45,709 --> 00:37:49,751 There's nothing more mundane than the damned chair, right? 521 00:37:51,083 --> 00:37:52,584 So many chairs... 522 00:38:17,417 --> 00:38:19,792 I made this chair with very few things. 523 00:38:19,792 --> 00:38:23,542 A friend of mine, Rubem Tibiriçá, an engineer, 524 00:38:23,542 --> 00:38:28,709 told me, "Can you believe one of the most sellable products 525 00:38:29,209 --> 00:38:31,542 was not made by Villares and now is?" 526 00:38:31,584 --> 00:38:33,626 The famous spring steel. 527 00:38:33,626 --> 00:38:38,167 That steel is folded when cold so it doesn't lose properties. 528 00:38:38,250 --> 00:38:45,250 He told me that at a bar and I thought: 529 00:38:45,250 --> 00:38:50,250 What if I made a chair with just one spring steel bar 530 00:38:50,250 --> 00:38:53,667 with a proper design for the space? 531 00:38:54,083 --> 00:38:57,751 Indigenous people sleep on hammocks, so with some cloth. 532 00:38:58,125 --> 00:39:02,417 That chair would be flexible in any direction, like a fluid. 533 00:39:03,751 --> 00:39:08,334 So I could avoid those cushions that make noises when you sit on them. 534 00:39:09,792 --> 00:39:11,417 Something elegant, 535 00:39:11,709 --> 00:39:14,751 like the simple things indigenous people make. 536 00:39:14,751 --> 00:39:18,125 By ‘thing' I mean that in essence. 537 00:39:18,125 --> 00:39:24,000 Well, I came up with a single bar that you can fold like this... 538 00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:26,334 Put the ends together at the least pressured part, 539 00:39:26,334 --> 00:39:29,417 at the bottom, on the back, and you weld just one part. 540 00:39:29,584 --> 00:39:33,250 So you bend it and weld it just once. 541 00:39:33,584 --> 00:39:35,751 See if what I thought about it is not interesting. 542 00:39:35,751 --> 00:39:39,584 We were talking about a man just stabbing and God killing, right? 543 00:39:40,083 --> 00:39:45,334 If this is one end of what we can do in Brazil now, 544 00:39:45,334 --> 00:39:49,709 the other end 545 00:39:49,709 --> 00:39:53,250 is the cloth made by indigenous people, the palm-tree hammock. 546 00:39:53,417 --> 00:39:57,209 But you cannot cut that, or it would come apart. 547 00:39:57,209 --> 00:39:58,542 You have to mold it 548 00:39:58,542 --> 00:40:01,542 and contacting indigenous people was impossible then. 549 00:40:02,209 --> 00:40:04,459 We didn't even have FUNAI yet. 550 00:40:04,459 --> 00:40:07,417 So we made that out of leather and canvas. 551 00:40:11,125 --> 00:40:15,751 So, as some say: Behold the chair. 552 00:40:17,250 --> 00:40:19,167 It's sold all over the world. 553 00:40:19,167 --> 00:40:26,417 A French company has recently decided to sign a contract with me, 554 00:40:26,417 --> 00:40:29,167 so for the first time in my life I'm getting royalties 555 00:40:29,167 --> 00:40:31,667 thanks to something I designed in 1956. 556 00:40:42,542 --> 00:40:44,584 But we should reflect on that. 557 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:49,209 I'm always worried about young people hearing these silly stories. 558 00:40:49,417 --> 00:40:52,751 If you call yourself a designer in Milan, 559 00:40:53,667 --> 00:40:58,042 you're supported and taken to the best laboratories, studios etc. 560 00:40:58,417 --> 00:41:01,334 But here, how did I make that chair? 561 00:41:01,334 --> 00:41:03,751 We had to get bars of the proper size. 562 00:41:04,667 --> 00:41:09,042 Angelim and I went to get them at Villares. He had motorcycle. 563 00:41:09,417 --> 00:41:14,709 We tied all bars together and put them between our legs 564 00:41:14,709 --> 00:41:16,167 and they came out from both ends. 565 00:41:16,334 --> 00:41:19,083 We put two little red flags on the front and the back 566 00:41:19,250 --> 00:41:22,667 and went back from Villares' office in Interlagos 567 00:41:23,083 --> 00:41:27,459 to his workshop in Moóca to fold the steel. 568 00:41:27,709 --> 00:41:30,584 The first cover was made by his wife 569 00:41:30,584 --> 00:41:34,584 with a flour bag that she cleaned and bleached. 570 00:41:34,584 --> 00:41:39,501 And she sewed it perfectly from some models I had done on paper. 571 00:41:40,042 --> 00:41:45,375 Then we came up with the idea of, at least for our first chair, 572 00:41:45,542 --> 00:41:46,751 doing a test. 573 00:41:46,751 --> 00:41:51,083 I said we should buy two bags of cement, which weigh 120kg 574 00:41:51,417 --> 00:41:54,125 and are clean and sealed, and put on top of it. 575 00:41:54,125 --> 00:41:57,083 That was in the back of his house, at his workshop. 576 00:41:57,334 --> 00:41:59,501 He had two children, a boy and a girl, 577 00:41:59,501 --> 00:42:01,042 so we established this: 578 00:42:01,042 --> 00:42:04,751 "The chair will stand still and you will swing it when you pass by". 120kg. 579 00:42:04,751 --> 00:42:08,542 We did that for a month and that's how we tested the load 580 00:42:08,542 --> 00:42:10,334 to make the first Paulistano chair. 581 00:42:10,334 --> 00:42:17,584 You see, it's a thought that might make you say that the goal... 582 00:42:17,584 --> 00:42:19,751 If that were the case. There's no single goal. 583 00:42:19,751 --> 00:42:24,375 But like in a TV show you have to accept the challenge. 584 00:42:24,375 --> 00:42:30,042 So I'll tell you what would be architecture's main goal: 585 00:42:30,792 --> 00:42:33,250 displaying the success of the technique, 586 00:42:33,250 --> 00:42:38,167 satisfying needs and desires. 587 00:42:38,167 --> 00:42:42,250 Desire comes as an idea of supreme beauty 588 00:42:42,250 --> 00:42:46,417 in the making of something that we want out of need. 589 00:42:50,626 --> 00:42:52,626 That's it. That's architecture. 590 00:43:40,667 --> 00:43:45,083 Paulo Mendes da Rocha is one of the most renowned architects in the world. 591 00:43:45,375 --> 00:43:47,751 He's certainly a modern architect 592 00:43:47,751 --> 00:43:50,751 and has remained as such throughout his brilliant career, 593 00:43:50,751 --> 00:43:52,501 designing works that outstand 594 00:43:53,584 --> 00:43:56,667 be it for their simplicity, be it for their boldness. 595 00:43:57,250 --> 00:44:01,375 In this noble room, I speak to the magnificent dean, 596 00:44:01,584 --> 00:44:06,250 to whom I ask to concede the rank of doctor honoris causa 597 00:44:06,584 --> 00:44:10,167 from the University of Lisbon to Paulo Mendes da Rocha, 598 00:44:10,167 --> 00:44:14,501 as a form of acknowledgement of his merit and of cultivation 599 00:44:14,501 --> 00:44:18,375 of the fundamental values of science, of culture and of the university. 600 00:44:18,375 --> 00:44:19,626 Thank you. 601 00:44:35,167 --> 00:44:39,083 I must say we are together once again, Brazil and Portugal, 602 00:44:39,083 --> 00:44:45,626 and I feel absolutely moved in the cradle of our civilization. 603 00:44:45,667 --> 00:44:47,334 If you allow me, 604 00:44:48,501 --> 00:44:54,751 I would like to dedicate this title and ceremony 605 00:44:55,083 --> 00:45:00,542 to my father, who was the headmaster 606 00:45:00,542 --> 00:45:03,042 of the Polytechnical School of the University of São Paulo, 607 00:45:03,042 --> 00:45:08,083 and who has educated me to be convinced of man's capacity 608 00:45:08,083 --> 00:45:14,626 to bring to life and build that which only existed in his imagination. 609 00:45:14,792 --> 00:45:17,209 In expressing the desires... 610 00:45:54,167 --> 00:45:56,250 The interesting thing about this project is that, again, 611 00:45:56,250 --> 00:45:59,751 they are exhibition spaces, but in this case, 612 00:45:59,751 --> 00:46:03,042 they will expose something extraordinary, 613 00:46:03,042 --> 00:46:08,000 because each carriage is 5m x 2m, they are huge. 614 00:46:08,542 --> 00:46:13,417 So the museum must be 10 or 12 meters high and sealed. 615 00:46:13,417 --> 00:46:16,250 You can't have light coming into these carriages 616 00:46:16,250 --> 00:46:18,501 made of gold and wood, they are fragile. 617 00:46:18,501 --> 00:46:22,042 You must have artificial light and acclimatization. 618 00:46:22,042 --> 00:46:24,125 We thought it was best to put it up 619 00:46:24,125 --> 00:46:27,709 because people already access it through the elevator, 620 00:46:27,709 --> 00:46:31,292 so if the museum is full, the elevator controls that 621 00:46:31,292 --> 00:46:34,167 if 20 people don't come out, another 20 can't come in. 622 00:46:34,209 --> 00:46:36,417 This is the Pinacoteca's ceiling. 623 00:46:36,417 --> 00:46:38,751 -Which is FAU's ceiling, right? -Yes, it is. 624 00:46:38,751 --> 00:46:40,667 What does this invention consist in? 625 00:46:40,667 --> 00:46:44,459 The problem with a skylight is sealing the glasses together. 626 00:46:45,083 --> 00:46:47,292 This is a prism that cancels it... 627 00:46:47,292 --> 00:46:49,083 The sunlight is weak now... 628 00:46:49,459 --> 00:46:51,334 The glasses have no mends. 629 00:46:51,334 --> 00:46:53,167 This is a steel leaf. 630 00:46:53,709 --> 00:46:55,584 If you take a piece of paper 631 00:46:55,584 --> 00:46:59,584 and put it between two matchboxes, it will bend. 632 00:46:59,584 --> 00:47:01,042 If you fold it as a V... 633 00:47:01,334 --> 00:47:04,417 So it's a discourse about the virtue of geometry 634 00:47:05,042 --> 00:47:07,542 and about the resistance of the materials. 635 00:47:07,542 --> 00:47:13,042 It's not even the material here, it's the shape's ability to resist. 636 00:47:13,250 --> 00:47:14,584 Right? 637 00:47:18,292 --> 00:47:21,042 See how interesting this structure is? 638 00:47:21,250 --> 00:47:26,083 You can barely see the pillars supporting all this. 639 00:47:26,417 --> 00:47:28,042 But I'll tell you... 640 00:47:28,042 --> 00:47:31,626 What's nice is that the government has also ordered a passageway 641 00:47:31,626 --> 00:47:34,250 for pedestrians to go through the train, 642 00:47:34,292 --> 00:47:35,751 so we did it inside. 643 00:47:36,083 --> 00:47:39,542 The ramp begins inside and comes out over there. 644 00:47:40,000 --> 00:47:42,292 So you'll see... They haven't built it yet. 645 00:47:42,292 --> 00:47:46,751 In the air over there, there will be as many people as in the room. 646 00:47:47,626 --> 00:47:50,042 This place is already monumental. 647 00:47:50,167 --> 00:47:52,250 The Tejo is Lisbon's soul. 648 00:47:54,250 --> 00:47:58,125 In Belém, the famous Jerónimos Monastery is over there. 649 00:47:58,125 --> 00:48:01,209 This terrain had this particularity that, 650 00:48:01,209 --> 00:48:03,417 on the other side of Junqueira street, 651 00:48:03,417 --> 00:48:06,751 a certain part of old houses designated as historic sites. 652 00:48:06,751 --> 00:48:11,083 We can't change them. so we created an inside piazzetta, 653 00:48:11,083 --> 00:48:13,417 which is a very beautiful architectural structure, 654 00:48:13,417 --> 00:48:16,250 between the old houses and the museum 655 00:48:16,250 --> 00:48:21,250 and open on the bottom, so the formal result of all of this 656 00:48:21,417 --> 00:48:23,250 has an outstanding architectural value. 657 00:48:23,250 --> 00:48:26,334 This building, that building. Do you understand? 658 00:48:27,584 --> 00:48:31,459 That little model has something special about it, 659 00:48:32,792 --> 00:48:34,751 Lisbon's Coach Museum. 660 00:48:34,751 --> 00:48:41,751 It's already done, but they will have an exhibition of my office's works 661 00:48:41,751 --> 00:48:44,083 at the Milan Triennial. 662 00:48:44,083 --> 00:48:49,334 The curator, Danielle, wants these models there, 663 00:48:49,709 --> 00:48:54,667 because they show how the world is interested in 664 00:48:55,334 --> 00:48:57,751 how we do our work. 665 00:48:58,292 --> 00:49:00,459 It's not something that was done... 666 00:49:01,250 --> 00:49:03,542 for no reason, just like that. 667 00:49:04,417 --> 00:49:10,292 It is a consequence of the experience transformed by us, men, into history. 668 00:49:10,292 --> 00:49:13,250 Or history transformed into experience. 669 00:49:14,667 --> 00:49:17,334 You see Naná cutting these little confetti? 670 00:49:17,334 --> 00:49:19,501 You'll say "What silly business is this?" 671 00:49:19,501 --> 00:49:23,125 No! These simulate the café's tables. 672 00:49:23,125 --> 00:49:27,042 They will look great on the model, to illustrate. 673 00:49:27,751 --> 00:49:31,167 It looks nice to see some tables on the sidewalk. 674 00:49:32,083 --> 00:49:37,083 Because they are well done, people in magazines want to publish it, 675 00:49:37,083 --> 00:49:42,083 but this is what we call an initial sketch. 676 00:49:42,250 --> 00:49:44,542 Instead of drawing, you make quick models. 677 00:49:44,542 --> 00:49:49,792 The approximate volumetric model is very interesting. 678 00:49:49,792 --> 00:49:53,751 It is not necessarily identical to the construction, 679 00:49:55,042 --> 00:50:01,125 because there are famous models done by professionals to exhibit. 680 00:50:01,125 --> 00:50:02,751 That's not the case. 681 00:50:02,751 --> 00:50:05,709 These are necessary, they are work tools. You see? 682 00:50:06,125 --> 00:50:09,459 It naturally has to have rigorous proportions. 683 00:50:09,459 --> 00:50:14,792 You can choose any scale you want and try what you're thinking. 684 00:50:14,792 --> 00:50:16,375 It's going to look very chic. 685 00:50:16,375 --> 00:50:17,584 It will. 686 00:50:17,584 --> 00:50:19,167 Shall we take a break? 687 00:50:20,292 --> 00:50:21,501 Yes. 688 00:50:22,292 --> 00:50:27,250 CROSS ONLY AT THE GREEN SIGN 689 00:51:43,250 --> 00:51:44,459 Tell me a little bit about your office. 690 00:51:44,459 --> 00:51:50,125 I have this office for 35 years now. 691 00:51:50,125 --> 00:51:52,751 I only had three offices in my whole life. 692 00:51:53,542 --> 00:51:56,751 When I graduated, some friends and I, 693 00:51:56,751 --> 00:52:03,042 so we wouldn't start with a stoic vision of being travelers, 694 00:52:03,042 --> 00:52:07,751 got together, we were 5 or 6, and rented an office together 695 00:52:07,751 --> 00:52:09,584 in a fantastic building. 696 00:52:09,751 --> 00:52:12,292 But we didn't share a company. 697 00:52:12,417 --> 00:52:19,083 Clever as we were, each of us bought identical drawing boards. 698 00:52:19,375 --> 00:52:21,167 It wasn't as simple back then. 699 00:52:21,167 --> 00:52:26,667 There weren't even drawers for designs back then. 700 00:52:26,667 --> 00:52:33,167 I drew one made of wood that they liked and copied. 701 00:52:33,167 --> 00:52:36,083 So we put 5 drawers aligned. 702 00:52:36,083 --> 00:52:38,584 When you came in, it looked like a large company, 703 00:52:38,709 --> 00:52:44,584 but each of us was focused, designing small projects 704 00:52:44,584 --> 00:52:48,542 for our first orders or some contest. 705 00:52:48,542 --> 00:52:55,042 Because of that, I got together with one of them 706 00:52:57,000 --> 00:52:59,292 to design a project for a contest that we won, 707 00:52:59,292 --> 00:53:02,000 the famous contest for the Paulistano Gymnasium, 708 00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:03,417 then my life took off. 709 00:53:03,417 --> 00:53:07,584 I was invited by an illustrious architect from São Paulo 710 00:53:08,083 --> 00:53:12,501 who taught at the university, João Batista Vilanova Artigas, 711 00:53:12,501 --> 00:53:16,250 to be his assistant at the University of São Paulo. 712 00:53:16,250 --> 00:53:23,292 Right after that, I started to flounder – or rather was floundered – 713 00:53:23,292 --> 00:53:24,584 by the military coup d'état. 714 00:53:24,584 --> 00:53:29,125 I was disfranchised by the AI5, 715 00:53:29,125 --> 00:53:31,417 so I struggled through many difficulties, 716 00:53:31,417 --> 00:53:35,000 but I managed to overcome them. 717 00:53:35,000 --> 00:53:39,375 One of these cases was when I entered the contest for Pavilhão do Brasil 718 00:53:39,375 --> 00:53:43,626 at the Osaka exposition and I won it. 719 00:53:45,751 --> 00:53:47,751 Life is made of all that. 720 00:53:48,417 --> 00:53:52,209 I was a late graduate. I've told you that, right? 721 00:53:52,459 --> 00:53:54,209 That you were a late graduate? No. 722 00:53:54,209 --> 00:53:56,334 You're my daughter. I've never told you that? 723 00:53:56,334 --> 00:53:58,417 -I think I have. -No. 724 00:53:59,250 --> 00:54:03,751 I didn't really know what to do and I was about 14. 725 00:54:04,667 --> 00:54:09,042 We lived in São Paulo and I had been raised on the beach, 726 00:54:09,042 --> 00:54:10,709 so this city was always difficult for me. 727 00:54:11,167 --> 00:54:16,751 I decided I'd go to navy school. What I really wanted was... 728 00:54:16,751 --> 00:54:18,751 -To be near the sea. -The navy. 729 00:54:19,125 --> 00:54:21,334 The ship. Being near the sea. 730 00:54:21,334 --> 00:54:26,459 I didn't really know what it was and had no idea of its military dimension. 731 00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:31,125 So I went to Rio, to go to prep courses. 732 00:54:31,125 --> 00:54:35,042 I went to a prep course, but I dropped off. 733 00:54:35,209 --> 00:54:40,250 But I had missed two or three years of regular schooling. 734 00:54:40,250 --> 00:54:42,209 Did you get into college late? 735 00:54:42,209 --> 00:54:43,792 I did. 736 00:54:43,792 --> 00:54:46,709 What I mean is, I graduated in 1954. 737 00:54:50,292 --> 00:54:56,000 It had been 50 years in 2004. So I've been working for 60 years. 738 00:54:57,083 --> 00:54:58,417 In this profession. 739 00:55:01,042 --> 00:55:04,584 People say I'm a good architect, but you see, 740 00:55:04,584 --> 00:55:07,751 if after 60 years I hadn't learned anything, 741 00:55:07,751 --> 00:55:09,542 I had to be really dumb. 742 00:55:10,751 --> 00:55:12,167 Aren't I right? 743 00:55:18,501 --> 00:55:20,417 A piece of your house. 744 00:55:24,542 --> 00:55:27,125 Gerassi is an engineer. I didn't know him. 745 00:55:27,125 --> 00:55:29,751 He came here I don't remember how 746 00:55:29,751 --> 00:55:31,417 and said he wanted a house. 747 00:55:31,417 --> 00:55:35,751 I was already impatient with this idea 748 00:55:35,751 --> 00:55:38,167 of building houses in São Paulo. 749 00:55:39,751 --> 00:55:43,584 Then it occurred to me: I'm going to have some fun. 750 00:55:43,584 --> 00:55:47,083 So I told him, "If I want to make a prefabricated house, are you in? 751 00:55:47,459 --> 00:55:49,250 It will cost you half the money". 752 00:55:49,250 --> 00:55:50,501 He immediately said he was in. 753 00:55:50,501 --> 00:55:55,209 As an engineer, he understood this: you lay the foundations and wait, 754 00:55:55,209 --> 00:56:01,209 then the trucks bring the pieces and you build the house in 48 hours. 755 00:56:01,209 --> 00:56:03,375 You take it out of the truck and set it in place. You see? 756 00:56:03,375 --> 00:56:04,751 The house appears gradually. 757 00:56:04,751 --> 00:56:09,459 It's wonderful. A clean and beautiful construction. 758 00:56:10,125 --> 00:56:12,626 It's quick. It stimulates workers. 759 00:56:12,626 --> 00:56:15,751 That is another issue you should take into account, 760 00:56:16,125 --> 00:56:19,667 regarding the resources you will use, 761 00:56:19,667 --> 00:56:24,626 regarding architecture as wisdom, as a form of knowledge: 762 00:56:24,626 --> 00:56:27,083 the respect for those working. 763 00:56:27,667 --> 00:56:30,751 Making people kneel on a corner with a small scoop 764 00:56:30,751 --> 00:56:33,417 to finish up something 765 00:56:33,417 --> 00:56:36,250 is stupid for workers. 766 00:56:36,250 --> 00:56:39,042 It is much better to sit in a truck 767 00:56:39,042 --> 00:56:44,459 and control a crane that takes a piece from one place to another 768 00:56:44,459 --> 00:56:46,626 and see the result immediately. 769 00:56:46,626 --> 00:56:52,751 The work is shared between the one responsible for the project 770 00:56:53,083 --> 00:56:55,250 and the ones responsible for executing it, 771 00:56:55,250 --> 00:56:59,417 because you immediately see the success. 772 00:57:27,542 --> 00:57:29,125 Do you know what I want? 773 00:57:29,125 --> 00:57:31,292 If you let me see... 774 00:57:31,292 --> 00:57:34,083 Are there drawings in the drawer? Drawings? 775 00:57:34,083 --> 00:57:35,751 No, just old things. 776 00:57:37,125 --> 00:57:40,000 Isn't there anything you drew? 777 00:57:40,125 --> 00:57:42,042 What kind of drawings? Of houses and such? 778 00:57:42,042 --> 00:57:43,417 No, normal drawings. 779 00:57:44,459 --> 00:57:47,667 Things you liked to draw, besides projects... 780 00:57:49,459 --> 00:57:51,667 -You want to shoot it? -Yes. 781 00:57:52,209 --> 00:57:55,083 -Just a couple of things. -Just some drawings. 782 00:57:56,709 --> 00:57:58,167 There's a file... 783 00:58:19,626 --> 00:58:21,167 This one is beautiful. 784 00:58:23,667 --> 00:58:27,209 Drawings are only interesting when faithfully reproduced 785 00:58:27,209 --> 00:58:31,584 in a book, in life size, anyway... 786 00:58:32,626 --> 00:58:35,501 You can't shoot a piece of paper with a drawing. 787 00:58:35,501 --> 00:58:40,292 I assure you that the people watching will leave. 788 00:58:40,292 --> 00:58:43,292 No, a drawing looks good on a big screen. 789 00:58:43,292 --> 00:58:44,584 Right... 790 01:00:15,459 --> 01:00:17,209 Do you want to take a picture of me with the Lion? 791 01:00:17,209 --> 01:00:19,083 -Shall we? -We must! 792 01:00:24,334 --> 01:00:26,334 Jo, shoot it. 793 01:00:26,334 --> 01:00:28,417 It's in the film! 794 01:00:31,709 --> 01:00:33,083 Take one with us then. 795 01:00:33,083 --> 01:00:36,334 With your kids first. Look over here. 796 01:00:36,334 --> 01:00:39,250 Right, you're the sister... 797 01:00:39,250 --> 01:00:41,125 It's another universe. 798 01:00:45,667 --> 01:00:48,667 The Lion is right on top of Pedro's bald head. 799 01:00:50,250 --> 01:00:51,584 On top of... 800 01:01:11,000 --> 01:01:12,417 Paulo... 801 01:01:13,250 --> 01:01:14,459 Oh, you! 802 01:01:14,459 --> 01:01:17,417 The greatest man in Venice. Francesco... 803 01:01:17,417 --> 01:01:19,751 Yes! He teaches at the university. 804 01:01:19,751 --> 01:01:21,417 Good morning. 805 01:01:22,250 --> 01:01:28,542 The greatest architecture critic in the world. Francesco Dal Co. 806 01:01:28,712 --> 01:01:32,083 -You'll choke. -The greatest architect in the world! 807 01:01:36,667 --> 01:01:38,167 Myself and Pedro... 808 01:01:50,584 --> 01:01:56,250 Naná and me! Jojo, Naná and me and Louis Vuitton! 809 01:01:57,209 --> 01:01:59,751 -It's in the frame. -Pretend I'm buying her purses. 810 01:02:12,042 --> 01:02:15,083 Jojo, this façade is really important. 811 01:02:26,417 --> 01:02:30,292 Jojo, with this view... 812 01:02:30,292 --> 01:02:31,584 Done! 813 01:02:32,459 --> 01:02:35,167 -Can we start? -Yes. 814 01:02:35,167 --> 01:02:38,375 So, you're in my house. 815 01:02:39,584 --> 01:02:44,083 Saying you live in São Paulo, for all we know in the whole world... 816 01:02:44,125 --> 01:02:46,209 It's a difficult city, it's dense, 817 01:02:46,209 --> 01:02:49,000 and I live in this garden. 818 01:02:49,375 --> 01:02:53,751 Film this, so you can see the buildings around us, 819 01:02:53,751 --> 01:02:55,501 because there aren't just trees. 820 01:02:55,792 --> 01:02:57,626 You're inside São Paulo. 821 01:02:58,584 --> 01:03:00,417 I walk to my office from here, 822 01:03:00,417 --> 01:03:02,584 because right over there is the Praça da República. 823 01:03:05,417 --> 01:03:08,584 Dad, where did you leave your Lion? 824 01:03:08,584 --> 01:03:13,417 I'm always surrounded by my friends, as you can see. 825 01:03:13,751 --> 01:03:15,751 Flávio Motta is over there. 826 01:03:15,751 --> 01:03:19,417 Fernando Millan drew something he says is my portrait. 827 01:03:19,417 --> 01:03:20,667 It's Chaplin. 828 01:03:21,250 --> 01:03:23,417 And things like that. 829 01:03:23,417 --> 01:03:27,417 Like Carmela Gross, over there, in "Armed Art". 830 01:03:28,167 --> 01:03:31,167 And look who's over there. 831 01:03:31,751 --> 01:03:33,626 The little Lion from Venice. 832 01:03:34,334 --> 01:03:35,751 The Lion is always up there. 833 01:03:35,751 --> 01:03:42,083 The interesting thing about this award is that Venice 834 01:03:42,083 --> 01:03:44,584 is perhaps the most astounding city in the world, 835 01:03:45,250 --> 01:03:48,417 in the modern world, for navigations and all that. 836 01:03:49,125 --> 01:03:54,375 The Lion of Venice is in the St. Mark's Square, as you know. 837 01:03:54,375 --> 01:03:57,292 St. George on one side with his dragon 838 01:03:57,501 --> 01:03:59,667 and the winged lion on the other side. 839 01:04:00,250 --> 01:04:04,501 That's where that small golden image comes from. 840 01:04:04,501 --> 01:04:08,292 What's special about this award, besides it's meaning, of course, 841 01:04:08,292 --> 01:04:10,000 and the Venice Biennale, 842 01:04:10,000 --> 01:04:12,459 is the object itself, 843 01:04:13,042 --> 01:04:16,417 because all awards are bulky or medals or whatever, 844 01:04:16,417 --> 01:04:18,417 but this one is an amazing image. 845 01:04:19,250 --> 01:04:21,417 Why do you think we are making this film? 846 01:04:22,083 --> 01:04:24,626 I think you have nothing better to do. 847 01:04:25,334 --> 01:04:26,542 No. 848 01:04:26,542 --> 01:04:32,125 No. I think, in this case, there is certainly a problem of affection. 849 01:04:32,125 --> 01:04:33,334 You're my daughter. 850 01:04:37,667 --> 01:04:39,709 Someone had to tell this story. 851 01:04:41,292 --> 01:04:44,334 Someone had to... No! It could remain untold. 852 01:05:48,751 --> 01:05:50,667 I'm sorry, I'm late. 853 01:05:50,667 --> 01:05:53,709 No, we're early. You're not late. 854 01:05:56,250 --> 01:05:59,334 Let me make you more comfortable. There. 855 01:05:59,751 --> 01:06:02,542 -Let's go. -Though there is not much inside. 856 01:06:09,334 --> 01:06:11,667 We thought about doing exactly what we are doing now, 857 01:06:11,667 --> 01:06:15,667 talking like this. But we had to start from somewhere. 858 01:06:16,209 --> 01:06:18,584 So we decided to ask you to tell us 859 01:06:18,584 --> 01:06:21,250 why you decided to study architecture, 860 01:06:21,250 --> 01:06:24,459 where you got the idea that this could be your profession... 861 01:06:24,459 --> 01:06:25,667 Anyway... 862 01:06:26,250 --> 01:06:30,292 What you said, will it be on film? 863 01:06:30,667 --> 01:06:32,751 -It may or may not be. -It depends... 864 01:06:35,417 --> 01:06:40,584 This thing "where you got it from". "why do this and that", 865 01:06:41,584 --> 01:06:44,542 I think we all know, from our own experiences, 866 01:06:44,542 --> 01:06:48,042 it doesn't come at once. 867 01:06:48,167 --> 01:06:56,250 First of all, Joana and Lito's grandfather, my father, 868 01:06:56,751 --> 01:06:58,542 was a great engineer. 869 01:06:58,542 --> 01:07:02,792 He specialized more and more in home navigation, 870 01:07:02,792 --> 01:07:05,209 which doesn't exist anymore, it's very broad, 871 01:07:05,209 --> 01:07:07,709 but that's what it was called in Polytechnical School. 872 01:07:07,709 --> 01:07:11,334 Home navigation. Harbors, rivers, canals. 873 01:07:11,709 --> 01:07:16,584 From the engineering point of view, it's a very inexorable area, 874 01:07:16,584 --> 01:07:18,667 because you can say everything is monumental, 875 01:07:18,667 --> 01:07:22,292 but at sea, there is what they call pneumatic caissons, 876 01:07:22,334 --> 01:07:28,042 which are at least 80cm long concrete tubes, 120cm in diameter, 877 01:07:28,042 --> 01:07:33,417 that are thrown into water with jacks and incredible machines. 878 01:07:33,417 --> 01:07:35,167 Anyway, what I want to tell... 879 01:07:35,167 --> 01:07:42,751 My father took me to visit great constructions to see that 880 01:07:43,167 --> 01:07:47,125 when I was 8 or 9 years old. 881 01:07:47,459 --> 01:07:55,125 It's impossible not to imagine a certain calling or admiration. 882 01:07:55,626 --> 01:07:59,751 But then you'll say: isn't architecture something else? 883 01:07:59,751 --> 01:08:01,250 It's not exactly something else. 884 01:08:01,250 --> 01:08:03,584 What stayed with me, I think... 885 01:08:04,250 --> 01:08:08,250 You see, what is theater and cinema for you? 886 01:08:08,250 --> 01:08:10,250 You make a spectacle. 887 01:08:10,250 --> 01:08:13,083 I'm describing the spectacles I've seen. 888 01:08:13,083 --> 01:08:15,459 That was the calling which, naturally, 889 01:08:15,459 --> 01:08:19,709 later made me think "I'm going to be an architect". 890 01:08:20,083 --> 01:08:26,584 Maybe that vision is too much on the artistic side of our minds: 891 01:08:27,250 --> 01:08:32,209 before getting into the difficult process 892 01:08:32,209 --> 01:08:35,167 of learning techniques and technologies, 893 01:08:35,167 --> 01:08:38,000 you'll will enjoy only your imagination. 894 01:08:38,334 --> 01:08:40,584 I don't know whether there's something oedipian about this, 895 01:08:40,584 --> 01:08:45,000 as in "My father will see the things I'll design for him to build". You see. 896 01:08:45,000 --> 01:08:50,584 But that part before the project, the idea of projecting images in things 897 01:08:50,584 --> 01:08:52,292 that you will later, reading it... 898 01:08:52,626 --> 01:08:54,709 Everyone knows that now. 899 01:08:55,167 --> 01:08:58,417 It's man's great issue, like a condemnation: 900 01:08:58,417 --> 01:09:03,584 We are doomed to transform thought into thing. 901 01:10:49,083 --> 01:10:50,501 You see how much yarn? 902 01:10:53,626 --> 01:10:57,584 Now something to conclude: it was all a lie. 903 01:10:59,334 --> 01:11:01,334 I came up with everything.